《德州巴黎》

文/叶菲

这是1984年荣获戛纳电影节金棕榈大奖的那部感人至深的经典影片—《德克萨斯州的巴黎》的原声唱片。该片直到2001年8月才在欧洲院线下映（档期持续了17年），电影的成功可见一斑。如果说电影的成功是由那位著名导演威姆 文德斯和性格演员亨利 迪恩 斯坦顿与红极一时的那塔沙 金斯基共同铸就，那么作曲家和吉他演奏家瑞 库德尔（Ry Cooder）则用他伟大的音乐，几乎将这部影片推向不朽。

音乐与情节、演员的表演以及镜头的节奏配合得丝丝入扣，是一种维美的忧伤，当你听到第一个音符时就会说：“啊，这就是典！”。唱片中除了收录了瑞 库德尔为影片创作并演奏的极具迷醉效应的全部配乐外，还收录了由主演亨利 迪恩 斯坦顿演唱的改编自一首墨西哥民谣的主题歌”Cancion Mixteca”，最吸引人的是，唱片十分体贴地将也许是电影史上最感人的那段长达9分钟的对白“I Knew These People”收录其中。

也许因为瑞 库德尔是位出名的乐器鉴定家，所以他的每款录音都有着杰出的音响效果，其中尤以这张《PARIS，TEXAS》最具口碑。使人膛目结舌的是，瑞 库德尔用一把滑棒吉他(Slide Guitar)竟然征服了每一个发烧友。此前，你无论如何也想象不出这件乐器居然能幻化出如此丰富动人的音色。已臻顶级的录音把音乐家演奏时的每一个细微变化都呈现得十分清晰，人声也录得真实无比，HI-FI的每一项指标都得到具体示范。

瑞 库德

出生于圣塔摩尼卡的Ry Cooder，四岁时在一场意外事件中一只眼睛失明了，从此远离人群而变得自闭，专注吉他的研习，结果造就了一代吉他圣手，他被音乐界人士视为当今最伟大的吉它手之一。他深受一些著名音乐人士的影响，包括盲人乐手Willie Johnson、Blake、Joseph Spence及Curtis Mayfield，也与著名乐团滚石（Rolling Stones）等灌制了好几张专辑。

《德州巴黎》的电影音乐创作者Ry Cooder是温德斯的长期合作伙伴，他的乐声每每成为主角的化身，适切地传达出影片的中心主题。Ry Cooder的音乐多与现实结合，不像一般人爱玩弄花俏的技巧，他尤其喜欢探讨及灌制第三世界及另类的音乐。在电影方面的配合，他选择维姆 温德斯为伙伴。因为他觉得他们习性相通、意气相投 。从「德州巴黎」开始后，他们是孟不离焦、焦不离孟的好搭档。

关于音乐：

一代吉它大师瑞·库德（Ry Cooder）创作的音乐，展现了导演对配乐的意图：“今天摇滚与电影的联系比以往任何时候都要紧密，文学、戏剧和绘画看来似乎与电影的联系更紧密，却远没有摇滚来得贴和时代、准确直接。”

《德州巴黎》的配乐是电影音乐史上不可多得的佳作，每每听到那空灵孤独的滑棒吉它弦音，除了赞叹作曲家的瑞 库德深厚的演奏功底之外，听者的思绪亦会顷刻融入美国西部辽阔荒芜的沙漠、消失在天际的公路和那低垂的夜幕。自从上个世纪60年代和70年代驰骋乐坛以来，瑞-库德不断的探索和实践，已经成功地将美国本土音乐如乡村、摇滚、布鲁斯、骚灵、爵士、古旧音乐等各个分支进行了全面的包容。他的成果自然也得到了向来对音乐有着敏锐听觉的著名导演维姆 文德斯的青睐。于是便诞生了这部传世佳作——《德州巴黎》。在影片中，瑞 库德彻底摒弃了传统的公路电影的编曲手法，而是将自身的乐器演奏放在压倒一切的位置，带有极强的叙事性，完全成为影片中不可或缺的角色之一，实在不好说到底是演员还是配乐对情节推动和情感表达谁做的贡献更大。剧中的每一个音符的回落都绝佳再现了电影传达的空间概念、场景细节和剧中人的生命虚空感。配乐中特别模仿墨西哥民谣风格创作了一首歌曲，演唱者是男主角Harry Dean Stanton本人，恰如其分地传达了影片故事发生的地域背景。通过重新重新数码录音，本身已经十分出色的音效更加逼真传神，绝对值得乐迷人手一册的拥有。

导演：维姆 温德斯

1945年出生于德国杜塞尔多夫城（Dusseldorf）的维姆 温德斯个性孤僻，1970年以“夏日游记”（Summer in the City）开启公路电影风格，20多年来一直以其细致的电影语言，拍摄记录了许多精致的公路电影，1984年，摘取戛纳电影节的金棕榈大奖的一部欧式风格公路片《德州巴黎》标志着温德斯“美国化倾向的高峰”他表现了人的孤独、人与人之间的隔漠。1985年他拍摄了一部关于他的偶像导演小津安二郎的纪录片《东京之行》。1987年，《柏林上空》这部充满超现实主义气氛的作品问世。迁移、旅行是文德斯影片的惯常主题，他的电影语言修词中基本排除蒙太奇，形成对运动和场景不加剪辑的“坦率、冷静”的风格。

他与法斯宾德、施隆多夫和赫尔措格并称为“新德国电影学派四杰”，也是被认为是80年代世界级重要导演。1997年当维姆 温德斯随同美国音乐家瑞 库德来到古巴后，遇见伊布拉因菲勒这团古巴音乐瑰宝，立刻被他们的音乐感动，于是用记实的手法拍下了那部著名的「乐士浮生录」，于是被人遗忘和冷落的这群古巴艺人，随着电影的热映及专辑CD的出版，终于得见天日，世人仿佛自睡眠中苏醒，再次看见、听见古巴。

关于电影：

美国德克萨斯的南部荒原，一个流浪汉跌跌撞撞地闯进了一家破旧的小酒吧，昏倒在地。他叫特拉维斯，被送往医院恢复了神智，却不愿说话，当医生把他弟弟沃尔特叫来时，特拉维斯却离开了医院。沃尔特在公路上发现了特拉维斯，一个劲地问他这四年来发生过的事情，但特拉维斯始终一言不发。沃尔特决定把特拉维斯带回去，但特拉维斯拒绝乘飞机，只好驾车回洛杉矶。路上，特拉维斯一直拿着一张照片，他声称是巴黎，可沃尔特却看着像德克萨斯。回到家，安妮热情地接待了他，叫来了亨特，但他只用一种好奇的目光望了一眼陌生的父亲特拉维斯。第二天，特拉维斯欢快的去接亨持下学，但亨特没有做声，特拉维斯只得独自回去。接下来的一天特拉维斯再度出现在学校门口，父子俩边走边游戏，他们终于相偕而行。安妮告诉特拉维斯，简曾打电话给亨特，还为亨特在休斯顿开了一个银行帐户，每月的五号去银行存钱。特拉维斯告诉沃尔特，他要和儿子去找简。他们来到休斯顿，在一家“成人聊天俱乐部”里找到了妻子简，在电话里特拉维斯把他所有的感受向简倾诉（这也许是电影史上最催人泪下的对白之一），她是他最爱的人……母子相见了，特拉维斯望着她们的身影感动地流出了眼泪，然后他上了车，独自离去……

《德州巴黎》可能是文德斯最好的一部“公路电影”，整个故事节奏平稳但却感人至深，在男主人公情感的尽头，他却获得了一个意想不到的机会来疗治自己收到的伤害，以及他带给别人的伤害。

本篇男主角哈里·斯坦顿在片中的表演可能是他个人演艺生涯的最高点，很少有人可以像他那样念出如此精彩的独白。加上罗比·穆勒（Robby Muller）的摄影和瑞·库德（Ry Cooder）的电影配乐，这部电影终于成为悲情电影的杰作。

Track9 I KNEW THESE PEOPLE

TRAVIS
I knew these people… These two people. They were in love with each other. The girl was… very young, about seventeen or eighteen, I guess. And the guy was… quite a bit older. He was kind of raggedy and wild. And she was very beautiful, you know? And together, they turned everything into a kind of adventure, and she liked that. Just an ordinary trip down to the grocery store was full of adventure. They were always laughing at stupid things. He liked to make her laugh. And they didn’t much care for anything else because all they wanted to do was to be with each other. They were always together. And he… he loved her more than he ever felt possible. He couldn’t stand being away from her during the day when he went to work… so he’d quit. Just to be at home with her. Then he’d get another job when the money ran out, and then he’d quit again. But pretty soon, she started to worry.
JANE
About what?
TRAVIS
Money, I guess. Not having enough. Not knowing when the next check was coming in.
JANE (rit)
I know that feeling.
TRAVIS
So he started to get kind of… torn inside.

JANE
How do you mean?

TRAVIS
Well, he knew he had to work to support her, but he couldn’t stand being away from her, either.
JANE
I see.

TRAVIS
And the more he was away from her, the crazier he got. Except now, he got really crazy. He started imagining all kinds of things.
JANE
Like what?

TRAVIS
He started thinking that she was seeing other men on the sly. He’d come home from work and accuse her of spending the day with somebody else. Then he’d yell at her and break things in the trailer.

JANE
The trailer?

TRAVIS
Yes, they were living in a trailer home. Anyway, he started to drink real bad. And he’d stay out late to test her.To see if she’d get jealous. He wanted her to get jealous, but she didn’t. She was just worried about him, but that got him even madder. Because he thought that, if she’d never get jealous of him, she didn’t really care about him. Jealousy was a sign of her love for him. And then, one night… one night, she told him she was pregnant. She was about three or four months pregnant, and he didn’t even know. And then, suddenly, everything changed. He stopped drinking and got a steady job. He was convinced that she loved him now because she was carrying his child. And he was going to dedicate himself to making a home for her. But then a funny thing started to happen. He didn’t even notice it at first. She started to change. From the day the baby was born, she began to get irritated with everything around her. She got mad at everything. Even the baby seemed to be an injustice to her. He kept trying to make everything all right for her. Buy her things. Take her out to dinner once a week. But nothing seemed to satisfy her. For two years he struggled to pull them back together like they were when they first met, but finally he knew that it was never going to work out. So he hit the bottle again. But this time it got… mean.This time, when he came home late at night, drunk, she wasn’t worried about him, or jealous, she was just enraged. She accused him of holding her captive by making her have a baby. She told him that she dreamed about escaping. That was all she dreamed about: escape. She saw herself at night running naked down a highway, running across fields, running down riverbeds, always running. And always, just when she was about to get away, he’d be there. He would stop her somehow. He would just appear and stop her. And when she told him these dreams, he believed them. He knew she had to be stopped or she’d leave him forever. So he tied a cow bell to her ankle so he could hear her at night if she tried to get out of bed. But she learned how to muffle the bell by stuffing a sock into it, and inching her way out of the bed and into the night. He caught her one night when the sock fell out and he heard her trying to run to the highway. He caught her and dragged her back to the trailer, and tied her to the stove with his belt. He just left her there and went back to bed and lay there listening to her scream. And he listened to his son scream, and he was surprised at himself because he didn’t feel anything anymore. All he wanted to do was sleep. And for the first time, he wished he were far away. Lost in a deep, vast country where nobody knew him. Somewhere without language or streets. He dreamed about this place without knowing its name. And when he woke up, he was on fire. There were blue flames burning the sheets of his bed. He ran through the flames toward the only two people he loved…. but they were gone. His arms were burning, and he threw himself outside and rolled on the wet ground. Then he ran. He never looked back at the fire. He just ran. He ran until the sun came up and he couldn’t run any further. And when the sun went down, he ran again. For five days he ran like this until every sign of man had disappeared.

我曾经认识这样的人

特拉维斯:
我曾经认识这样的人…这样两个人。他们互相爱着对方。那女孩很年轻，我猜大概也就十七、八岁。那男子要大很多。他是那种随性狂野的人，而她则很漂亮。他们两人在一起做了许多荒唐事，她喜欢那样,即便是像去杂货店这样的小事也会充满乐趣。他们总是为那些傻事大笑，他喜欢令她欢笑。他们俩什么都不关心，因为他们想做的只是彼此待在一起，他们形影不离。他爱她胜过一切，他无法忍受白天工作期间与她的分离…于是他辞了职，只为了在家陪她。不久，他不得不去找另一份工作，因为钱花光了，可后来他又辞了职。但是没过多久，那女孩便开始担忧了。

简：
担忧什么？

特拉维斯:
我想是钱吧。钱不够用了，不知如何支付下一笔支出。

简：
我知道那种滋味。

特拉维斯:
于是他开始觉得内心不安。

简：
你指什么？

特拉维斯:
他心知必须工作供养她，但却仍然无法忍受与她的分离。

简：
我明白。

特拉维斯:
最后他还是离开她去工作了，他变得疯狂多疑。他开始胡思乱想。

简：
比如？

特拉维斯:
他想象她勾引其他男人。他放下工作回家，骂她白天与其他人在一起厮混，他冲她大喊大叫甚至杂碎了活动拖车里的一切。

简：
活动拖车房？

特拉维斯:
是啊，他们住在一辆活动拖车房里。而后，他开始酗酒。他很晚回家为了试她。看她是否会嫉妒。他希望她嫉妒，可她并没有。她只是担心他，但这更令他发疯。因为他认为如果她不嫉妒他的话，就意味着她并不真的关心他，嫉妒是她对他爱的标志。就这样，一天晚上…一天晚上，她告诉他她怀孕了，已经三、四个月了，而他却根本没察觉到。于是，突然间一切都改变了，他不再酗酒还找了份工作。他毫不怀疑她是爱他的，因为她怀了他的孩子。他要竭尽所能为她建立一个家。但意想不到的事却发生了，一开始他并未注意到她的变化。从孩子诞生那一天起，她开始对周围的一切表现出烦躁，每件事都令她发疯，甚至孩子对她来说都是种威胁。他努力在每件事上迁就她，给她买她喜欢的东西，每周都带她外出用一次餐，但好像什么都不能令她满足。他花了两年的时间努力使他们恢复到最初的样子，但最后他发现那是徒劳的，于是他又开始酗酒，但这次真的无可救药了。

一天夜里，他喝醉了很晚才回家，她既不担心也不嫉妒，只是愤怒。她指责他使她生孩子是为了栓住她的自由，她告诉他梦到逃跑，她梦想的一切就是：逃离。她梦见自己夜晚沿着高速路奔跑，穿过田野，越过河床，一直跑。可每当她以为自己已经逃掉时，他就会出现，用各种方式拦住她，不停地出现不停地拦阻。当她告诉他这些梦时，他相信那些是真的，他想必须阻止她，否则她真的会永远离开他。于是他在她的脚腕上系了个铃铛，这样晚上当她下床时他就会知道。但她设法解开了那铃铛，还在里边塞了袜子，然后悄悄溜下床消失在夜幕里。一天夜里，塞在铃铛里的袜子掉了出来，他发现了她正逃向公路，便一把将她抓住拖回了拖车房，用皮带把她绑在了炉子上。然后撇下她又回到床上，他躺在那儿听见她不停的尖叫，他还听见孩子的尖叫，奇怪的是他却什么也感觉不到，他想做的只是睡觉。头一次，他希望远远离开那儿，消失在没人认识他的茫茫旷野里。没有语言和街道，他梦想着那个甚至连名字都没有的地方。

当他醒来时，已置身火海，火苗点着了他的被单。他冲过火焰奔向他深爱的两个亲人…但他们已经不见了。他的胳臂烧着了，他冲到外边，滚倒在泥地上，然后他跑开了，再也没有回头看一眼那火，只顾跑。直跑到日出时分，他再也跑不动了，当太阳落山后，他又开始跑。就这样一连跑了五天，直到完全没了人模样。

以上内容来源于北京京文唱片出版的《德州巴黎》电影原声唱片文字说明

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